What are the effects of sodium hydroxide relaxers on hair?

Sodium hydroxide relaxers work by chemically altering the structure of the hair. Their primary function is to break down the disulfide bonds in the hair's cortex, which are responsible for the natural curl and wave pattern. Once these bonds are broken, the hair can be reshaped and straightened. This process effectively achieves a straighter hair texture by allowing the hair to be repositioned in a straight configuration before the bonds re-form upon rinsing and neutralizing the relaxer.

Understanding this process is crucial for hair professionals, as it highlights the importance of applying relaxers properly to avoid damage and achieve the desired results. The other options do not accurately describe the action of sodium hydroxide relaxers; they do not add moisture, protect from heat damage, or enhance curl formation, which are functions associated with different hair products or treatments.